What influences tire noise heard inside a car, and how does cabin noise differ from the exterior noise measured for tire labels?

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Hello, a quiet EU tire-label rating does not guarantee a quiet cabin. The label reports external rolling noise in dB(A): the sound heard outside as a vehicle passes, rather than noise measured inside. Tire noise varies with tread design, tire material, road surface, speed, inflation pressure and wear. The car matters too: tire-cavity resonance and vibrations can reach the cabin through the wheels and axle. Uneven wear, including sawtooth wear on tread blocks, can increase rolling noise. If noise appeared after fitting new tires, I would tell the workshop the exact tire model and size, when it started, and which speeds and road surfaces make it noticeable. Check cold pressures against the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation in the manual or on its pressure placard. Have unusual humming, knocking or grinding inspected rather than assuming the label rules out a problem.